基准测试
函数格式
基准测试就是在一定的工作负载之下检测程序性能的一种方法。基准测试的基本格式如下:
plain
func BenchmarkName(b *testing.B){
// ...
}
基准测试以Benchmark
为前缀,需要一个*testing.B
类型的参数 b,基准测试必须要执行b.N
次,这样的测试才有对照性,b.N
的值是系统根据实际情况去调整的,从而保证测试的稳定性。 testing.B
拥有的方法如下:
plain
func (c *B) Error(args ...interface{})
func (c *B) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{})
func (c *B) Fail()
func (c *B) FailNow()
func (c *B) Failed() bool
func (c *B) Fatal(args ...interface{})
func (c *B) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{})
func (c *B) Log(args ...interface{})
func (c *B) Logf(format string, args ...interface{})
func (c *B) Name() string
func (b *B) ReportAllocs()
func (b *B) ResetTimer()
func (b *B) Run(name string, f func(b *B)) bool
func (b *B) RunParallel(body func(*PB))
func (b *B) SetBytes(n int64)
func (b *B) SetParallelism(p int)
func (c *B) Skip(args ...interface{})
func (c *B) SkipNow()
func (c *B) Skipf(format string, args ...interface{})
func (c *B) Skipped() bool
func (b *B) StartTimer()
func (b *B) StopTimer()
测试示例
go
func BenchmarkSplit(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
SplitStr("a:b:c:d", ":")
}
}
然后运行测试用例:
使用代码go test -bench=Split
:
go
`BenchmarkSplit-4``4``GOMAXPROCS``2999503``ns/op``Split``409ns``2999503``-benchmem`PS E:\DEV\Go\src\code.rookieops.com\day05\splitStr> go test -bench=Split
goos: windows
goarch: amd64
pkg: code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr
BenchmarkSplit-4 2999503 409 ns/op
PASS
ok code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr 3.633s
go
`112 B/op``3 allocs/op``Split`go test -bench=Split -benchmem
goos: windows
goarch: amd64
pkg: code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr
BenchmarkSplit-4 3591652 311 ns/op 112 B/op 3 allocs/op
PASS
ok code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr 2.219s
go
package splitStr
import "strings"
// SplitStr ..
func SplitStr(s, sep string) (res []string) {
// 取索引
res = make([]string, 0, strings.Count(s, sep)+1)
index := strings.Index(s, sep)
for index >= 0 {
res = append(res, s[:index])
s = s[index+len(sep):]
index = strings.Index(s, sep)
}
res = append(res, s)
return
}
然后运行测试代码如下:
go
go test -bench=Split -benchmem
goos: windows
goarch: amd64
pkg: code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr
BenchmarkSplit-4 4508462 233 ns/op 64 B/op 1 allocs/op
PASS
ok code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr 3.234s
性能比较函数
性能比较函数是对一个函数处理不同请求的差别。
如下编写一个斐波拉契函数:
go
// Fib 斐波拉契函数
func Fib(n int) int {
if n < 2 {
return n
}
return Fib(n-1) + Fib(n-2)
}
然后我们编写性能比较函数:
go
func benchmarkFib(b *testing.B, n int) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
Fib(n)
}
}
func BenchmarkFib1(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkFib(b, 1)
}
func BenchmarkFib2(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkFib(b, 2)
}
func BenchmarkFib3(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkFib(b, 3)
}
运行测试用例代码如下:
go
PS E:\DEV\Go\src\code.rookieops.com\day05\splitStr> go test -bench=Fib1
goos: windows
goarch: amd64
pkg: code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr
BenchmarkFib1-4 278520369 4.16 ns/op
PASS
ok code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr 2.819s
PS E:\DEV\Go\src\code.rookieops.com\day05\splitStr> go test -bench=Fib2
goos: windows
goarch: amd64
pkg: code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr
BenchmarkFib2-4 128817837 8.50 ns/op
PASS
ok code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr 2.764s
PS E:\DEV\Go\src\code.rookieops.com\day05\splitStr> go test -bench=Fib3
goos: windows
goarch: amd64
pkg: code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr
BenchmarkFib3-4 80003732 16.0 ns/op
PASS
ok code.rookieops.com/day05/splitStr 2.283s