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2025-07-222025-08-13专栏KubernetesKubernetes
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Etcd集群节点操作 原创 ​

备份 ​

备份策略：

  • 每两个小时用命令对 etcd 进行备份
  • 备份数据保留 2 天
bash
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl snapshot  save /root/backup/etcd_$(date "+%Y%m%d%H%M%S").db

恢复 ​

（1）、停止 kube-apiserver，确保不会再写入数据

bash
systemctl stop kube-apiserver

（2）、停止所有节点 etcd

bash
systemctl stop etcd

（3）、将 etcd 节点上原有的数据目录备份（具体的目录可以在 etcd 的配置文件中查看）

bash
mv /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd{,.bak}

（4）、将备份的数据拷贝到所有 etcd 节点

bash
scp etcd_20200106152240.db 10.1.10.129:/root/backup/
scp etcd_20200106152240.db 10.1.10.130:/root/backup/

（5）、使用命令进行恢复

bash
## 在etcd-1上
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl snapshot --endpoints="https://10.1.10.128:2379,https://10.1.10.129:2379,https://10.1.10.130:2379" --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem restore ~/backup/etcd_20200106152240.db --name=etcd-1 --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd --initial-cluster="etcd-1=https://10.1.10.128:2380,etcd-2=https://10.1.10.129:2380,etcd-3=https://10.1.10.130:2380" --initial-cluster-token="etcd-cluster" --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://10.1.10.128:2380
## 在etcd-2上
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl snapshot --endpoints="https://10.1.10.128:2379,https://10.1.10.129:2379,https://10.1.10.130:2379" --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem restore ~/backup/etcd_20200106152240.db --name=etcd-2 --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd --initial-cluster="etcd-1=https://10.1.10.128:2380,etcd-2=https://10.1.10.129:2380,etcd-3=https://10.1.10.130:2380" --initial-cluster-token="etcd-cluster" --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://10.1.10.129:2380
## 在etcd-3上
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl snapshot --endpoints="https://10.1.10.128:2379,https://10.1.10.129:2379,https://10.1.10.130:2379" --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem restore ~/backup/etcd_20200106152240.db --name=etcd-3 --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd --initial-cluster="etcd-1=https://10.1.10.128:2380,etcd-2=https://10.1.10.129:2380,etcd-3=https://10.1.10.130:2380" --initial-cluster-token="etcd-cluster" --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://10.1.10.130:2380

（6）、启动 etcd 服务

bash
systemctl start etcd

（7）、启动 kube-apiserver

bash
systemctl start kube-apiserver

（8）、查看集群状态

bash
## /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
> --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem \
> --endpoints="https://10.1.10.128:2379,https://10.1.10.129:2379,https://10.1.10.130:2379" \
> cluster-health
member a2dba8836695bcf6 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.1.10.129:2379
member d1272b0b3cb41282 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.1.10.128:2379
member e4a3a9c93ef84f2d is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.1.10.130:2379
cluster is healthy

## kubectl get node
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
master-k8s   Ready    <none>   4h9m   v1.16.4
node01-k8s   Ready    <none>   40h    v1.16.4
node02-k8s   Ready    <none>   39h    v1.16.4
## kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-9d5b6bdb6-mpwht                       1/1     Running   0          38h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2qkcb                   1/1     Running   0          38h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7nzj5                   1/1     Running   0          38h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-hlfdf                   1/1     Running   0          4h9m
metrics-server-v0.3.6-6c57d48cb4-tzjc7        2/2     Running   0          3h53m
traefik-ingress-controller-7758594f89-lwf2t   1/1     Running   0          16h

剔除 ​

如果我们要剔除某个节点，我们可以通过下面步骤进行。

（1）、查看现有节点的 member 信息

bash
 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem  member list
a2dba8836695bcf6: name=etcd-2 peerURLs=https://10.1.10.129:2380 clientURLs=https://10.1.10.129:2379 isLeader=false
d1272b0b3cb41282: name=etcd-1 peerURLs=https://10.1.10.128:2380 clientURLs=https://10.1.10.128:2379 isLeader=true
e4a3a9c93ef84f2d: name=etcd-3 peerURLs=https://10.1.10.130:2380 clientURLs=https://10.1.10.130:2379 isLeader=false

（2）、根据 member 信息移除相应的实例

bash
## /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem  member remove e4a3a9c93ef84f2d
Removed member e4a3a9c93ef84f2d from cluster

（3）、停止被移除节点的 etcd

bash
systemctl stop etcd

（4）、修改现有 etcd 集群的配置文件，移除被踢掉的 etcd 集群

bash
...
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.1.10.128:2380,etcd-2=https://10.1.10.129:2380"
...

（5）、重启现有集群的 etcd

bash
systemctl restart etcd

（6）、查看集群状态

bash
##  /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem  member list
a2dba8836695bcf6: name=etcd-2 peerURLs=https://10.1.10.129:2380 clientURLs=https://10.1.10.129:2379 isLeader=false
d1272b0b3cb41282: name=etcd-1 peerURLs=https://10.1.10.128:2380 clientURLs=https://10.1.10.128:2379 isLeader=true

## /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem --endpoints="https://10.1.10.128:2379,https://10.1.10.129:2379" cluster-health
member a2dba8836695bcf6 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.1.10.129:2379
member d1272b0b3cb41282 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.1.10.128:2379
cluster is healthy

新增 ​

如果我们需要新增一个 etcd 节点，则可以按照以下步骤进行。

（1）、通过以下命令新增节点

bash
## /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem  member add etcd-3 https://10.1.10.130:2380
Added member named etcd-3 with ID 16ebaad9c9a3a3e3 to cluster

ETCD_NAME="etcd-3"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-3=https://10.1.10.130:2380,etcd-2=https://10.1.10.129:2380,etcd-1=https://10.1.10.128:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="existing"

注意：

  • etcd_name: etcd.conf 配置文件中 ETCD_NAME 内容
  • etdc_node_address: etcd.conf 配置文件中的 ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS 内容

（2）、删除新增成员旧数据目录，并且启动新增成员 etcd 服务，加入集群时要改下配置文件，把初始化集群状态由 new 改成 existing，如下

bash
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.1.10.130:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.1.10.130:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.1.10.130:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.1.10.130:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.1.10.128:2380,etcd-2=https://10.1.10.129:2380,etcd-3=https://10.1.10.130:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="existing"

（3）、还需要修改 systemd unit 文件中的参数，如下：

bash
......
--initial-cluster-state=existing \
......

（4）、在现存 etcd 的配置文件中修改

bash
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.1.10.128:2380,etcd-2=https://10.1.10.129:2380,etcd-3=https://10.1.10.130:2380"

（5）、重启 etcd

bash
systemctl restart etcd

（6）、查看状态

bash
## /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl  --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem  member list
7d38a6cc82b63e33: name=etcd-3 peerURLs=https://10.1.10.130:2380 clientURLs=https://10.1.10.130:2379 isLeader=false
a2dba8836695bcf6: name=etcd-2 peerURLs=https://10.1.10.129:2380 clientURLs=https://10.1.10.129:2379 isLeader=true
d1272b0b3cb41282: name=etcd-1 peerURLs=https://10.1.10.128:2380 clientURLs=https://10.1.10.128:2379 isLeader=false

## /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
> --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/etcd-server-key.pem \
> --endpoints="https://10.1.10.128:2379,https://10.1.10.129:2379,https://10.1.10.130:2379" \
> cluster-health
member 7d38a6cc82b63e33 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.1.10.130:2379
member a2dba8836695bcf6 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.1.10.129:2379
member d1272b0b3cb41282 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.1.10.128:2379
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